Pollution Control in chemical Industries

 1. Sulphuric Acid Plant:

Here are some ways to control air pollution from sulfuric acid plants:

·         Use low-sulfur coal: Use coal that has less sulfur or wash the coal to remove some of the sulfur.

·         Install scrubbers: Install equipment called scrubbers to remove sulfur dioxide from gases leaving the smokestack.

·         Use sorbent injection: Add an alkali compound to the coal combustion gases to react with the sulfur dioxide.

·         Use flue gas desulfurization: Use flue gas desulfurization to control emissions.

·         Use catalytic oxidation: Use catalytic oxidation to convert SO2 to SO3.

·         Use a scrubbing system: Use a scrubbing system to scrub gases coming out during abnormal operations or at the start-up/shutdown operations.

·         Scrubbers

These devices remove sulfur dioxide from gases leaving the smokestack. Jet Venturi scrubbers can collect particles with efficiencies of over 99%. 

·         Electrostatic precipitators

These devices can help abate emissions of sulfuric acid and sulfur oxides from flue gas. 

·         Air heaters

These devices can help abate emissions of sulfuric acid and sulfur oxides from flue gas. 

·         Liquefaction plants

These plants remove SO3 from the liquefaction plant. 

·         Absorption towers

These towers separate sulfuric acid mist from the gas. 

·         Pollution prevention activities

These activities can include employee environmental awareness training, responsible waste management programs, leak detection and repair, and good operating practices. 

·         Coal

Using coal that contains less sulfur or washing coal to remove some of the sulfur can help reduce pollution. 

·         Waste heat recovery

Systems like the DuPont MECS® HRSTM can recover heat generated during the interpass absorption, reducing the amount of heat lost to cooling water. 

Sulfuric acid in the air is formed from sulfur dioxide released when coal, oil, and gas are burned. The released sulfur dioxide slowly forms sulfur trioxide, which reacts with water in the air to form sulfuric acid.

2. Cement Plant:

Here are some ways to control air pollution in cement plants:

·         Baghouse filters: Polluted air passes through bags that are closed at the bottom and open into a clean air chamber. The collected objects are released back into the cement production process. 

·         Wet scrubbers: Polluted gases are brought into contact with a scrubbing liquid that removes pollutants. 

·         Energy efficiency: Improving energy efficiency can reduce CO2 emissions. 

·         Waste heat recovery: Waste heat recovery can reduce CO2 emissions. 

·         Carbon capture and storage: Carbon capture and storage can reduce CO2 emissions. 

·         Renewable energy: Switching to renewable energy can reduce air pollution. 

·         Cleaner fuels and raw materials: Using cleaner fuels and raw materials can reduce air pollution. 

·         Green management practices: Implementing green management practices can reduce air pollution. 

·         Cement plants are a major source of industrial air pollution, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. 

·         Enclose transfer points: Fully enclose all transfer points and keep the access doors closed during operation

·         Control airborne dust: Use a water spray system or a dry extraction and bag filter to control airborne dust at transfer points.

·         Reduce the number of raw materials: Reducing the number of raw materials needed for clinker production can save energy and reduce CO2 emissions.

·         Improve energy efficiency: Improve energy efficiency in the cement plant.

·         Recover waste heat: Recover waste heat in the cement plant.

3. Fertilizer Plant:

Air pollution control in fertilizer plants can include:

·         Scrubbers: Wet scrubbers, like packed tower scrubbers, can control ammonia emissions with up to 99% efficiency. 

·         Condensers: Condensers can remove ammonia by converting it to a liquid. 

·         Recycling: Recycling exhaust gas streams can be a pollution prevention method. 

·         Fuel combustion: Careful application of nitrogen oxide control methods can limit the amount of ammonia that escapes during fuel combustion. 

·         Capture devices: Capture devices can be used for leaks that cannot be prevented. 

·         Gas scrubbing and dust removal: Gases from dryers and granulators can be scrubbed in venturi scrubbers. 

·         De-dusting: High efficiency cyclones can remove dust from dryer gases. 

·         Air recycling: Air from cooling equipment can be recycled as secondary air to the dryer after de-dusting. 

·         Perimeter monitoring: A perimeter monitoring network can control pollutants like ammonia, sulfur oxide, and nitrogenous by-products. 

·         Real-time monitoring: Real-time monitoring can detect when nitrogen is released into the air during plant growth.