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Ashwini Ganpat Kharde

BE chemical ME Environment

asshwinikharde@gmail.com

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Valves

What is valve? A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passage ways. Valves function? a. Stopping and starting fluid flow. b. Varying the amount of fluid flow. c. Controlling the direction of fluid flow. d. Regulating downstream system or process e. pressure Relieving component or piping over pressure. Types of valves? • Globe valve • Gate valve • Ball valve • Needle valve • Butterfly valve • Diaphragm valve • Check valve • Safety val...

Water Pollution and Control: Trickling Filter

Trickling Filter A trickling filter is a bioreactor system that removes organic matter from wastewater. It is a secondary treatment process that uses microorganisms to break down organic compounds in liquid waste. How it works · Wastewater is distributed over a bed of packed media, such as gravel, rock, or plastic · Microorganisms attach to the media and form a biofilm · The microorganisms metabolize the organic matter in the wastewater · The biofilm grows thicker as the organic matter is converted into new cellular material A trickling filter is a wastewater treatment system that uses a bed of material to remove organic matter from wastewater. The filter bed is made of a material with a large surface area, such as gravel, rock...

DISTILLATION

DISTILLATION: EXPLANATION OF CONCEPT • Distillation is the unit operation in which the constituents of a liquid mixture (solution) are separated using thermal energy. • Basically the difference of vapour pressure (volatilities) of different constituents at the same temperature is responsible for such a separation. • It is also called as fractionation or fractional distillation. • It is used in chemical and petroleum industries. TERMINOLOGIES INVOLVED IN DISTILLATION • Boiling Point : For any given pressure, a pure liquid when heated will boil or vaporise at a certain single temperature. • MVC : More Volatile Component (with Less B.P.) • LVC : Less Volatile Component (with High B.P.) • Driving force : The difference between the existing condition and equilibrium condition. Concentration difference. • Equilibrium stage: It is the one where the vapour leaving the stage is in equilibrium with the liqu...