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Water Pollution and Control: Tertiary Methods

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 Water Pollution and Contro l: Membrane Separation: Membrane separation is a process that uses thin, semi-permeable membranes to separate molecules based on their size, charge, and other characteristics.  Working ·               Membranes are made from materials like polymers, ceramics, and metals.  ·          The pressure difference across the membrane determines which substances can pass through.  ·          The process can be used to separate dissolved solutes from water.           Membrane separation uses a pressure difference across a membrane to separate molecules. The type of membrane separation process depends on the size of the molecules being separated, the desired separation efficiency, and other factors.  1.       High pressure is appl...
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Water Pollution and Control:

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 Water Pollution and Control  Bioreactors: A bioreactor is a closed system that supports the growth of cells, microorganisms, or plant cells in a culture medium. It's used to convert raw materials into products. In a wastewater treatment process, a bioreactor is specifically-designed chamber to support a biologically active environment, namely where bacteria and protozoa (the so-called biomass) can grow and consume some (or all) the substances within the raw wastewater. They can be aerobic (to remove organic matter and oxidize ammonia to nitrate), anoxic (to remove nitrogen from nitrates to nitrogen gas) or anaerobic (to remove organic matter), depending on the presence of oxygen and nitrates or their absence. Typically, membranes are installed after aerobic or anaerobic bioreactors (respectively, the MBR and the An MBR processes). Temperature, pH, and oxygen : Bioreactors regulate temperature, pH, and oxygen concentration to create a controlled environment....
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 Batch Reacter:( Jacketed Batch Reactor) Assembly of Process Reactor: Different Types of Nozzels:            Jackets :   Coils: Agitators: Head and Covers:   
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Heat Exchanger Assembly:

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 Heat Exchanger Assembly: Tube Sheet: Traingular and Square Pitch: Methods of Fixing Tube Sheet: a) Screwed Tube b) Rolled Tube c) Welded Tube: \ Segmental Baffle and Tie Rod: Shell and Tube side Passes:
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Process Equipment Drawing: Heat Exchanger

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  Heat Exchanger: Shell and Tube Heat exchanger: U-Tube Heat Exchanger: Kettle type reboiler:
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Pipe Support

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 Single Rod support Double  Rod Support Angle Iron Support Roller Support Structural Bracket Support Yard Piping Hanger
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Vessel Support

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 Vertical Vessel Support: Bracket or Lug Support: Leg Support: Skirt Support: Horizantal Vessel Support: Saddle Support: Wear Plate Support:
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