ChemTech

     Chemical Engineering is one of the new fields of engineering that involves designing and processing of industrial chemical manufacturing. Chemical Engineers conduct research and develop processes of manufacturing chemicals. They should be skilled in chemistry, fuels, polymers, petroleum & its products and should be well acquainted with their properties. Chemical engineers are widely sought-after in rubber, petroleum, fertilizer, and paper manufacturing industries. Here’s an insight into the scope of Chemical Engineering. Career and Scope in Chemical Engineering ·          To become a Chemical Engineer, students should pursue  B Tech OR Diploma in Chemical Engineering  from a  reputed university . Students who have studied in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics in 10 + 2 are eligible to pursue this course. ·          B Tech Chemical Engineering focuses on learning c...

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING    Chemical Engineering is branch of Engineering which uses principles of chemistry, physics, Mathematics, Biology and economic to effectively use, produce, design, Transport and transform energy and materials.   The work of Chemical Engineers ranges from utilisation of namo materials and nano technology in Laboratory to large scale industrial processes that converts chemicals, Raw materials, Living cells, micro organisum and energy into useful form and product.    Chemical  Engineers are involved in Plant design and operation Safety and hazard assessment Process design Analysis modelling Control Engineering Chemical reaction Engineering Nuclear Engineering Biological engineering Construction specifications Food and pharmaceutical Fertilizer Petroleum and oil Soap and detergents Paint anf thinner, varnish Industrial gases

Leaching  Leaching is a process in mass transfer that occurs by extractrating a substance from soild material by liquid means.    Leaching is seprasepar of solute from soild mixture of solute. Example Making of green tea    Rhe green tea bag is soild mixture the green tea is extracted in our desired substance and hot water is liquid source The process goes like 1. To add hot water into cup and steep the green tea bag into it. 2. The colour of water changes but also green tea is extracted from bag into cup. The leaching process occurs into two step 1.contacting solvent and soild to Effect a teanstra of solute 2. The separation of solution from the remaining soild. Factors influencing the rate of Extraction 1.Partical size 2.solvant 3.tempeature 4.Agitation of the fliud Types of Leaching 1.continous leaching a) co-current b) counter current   i. VatiVari under flow   ii. Constant under flow 2.Batch leaching

Evaporation   Evaporation is process in which liquid changes into gaseous state through the transfer of heat below boiling point.   It may also  called as removal of solvant from the solution by boiling the liquor in suitable vessel, leaving a concentrated liquor residue in the vessel. Factors affecting Evaporation 1.Temperture 2. Vapour pressure 3. Surface area 4. Moisture content 5. Time of Evaporation 6. Film and deposit 7. Density Types of Evaporators 1. Evaporators with heating medium in jacket (Evaporating pan) 2. Vapour pressure Evaporates with tabular heating surface. Steam Jacket kettle ( Evaporating pan) Uses    Suitable for concentrating aq. Thermostable liquors. Horizontal tube Evaporators     Uses Cascara extract Vertical tube Evaporators Uses Manufacturing of cascara extract, sugar,salt, caustic soda. Rasing film Evaporators Uses Concentration of insulin,liver extract and vitamin. Falling flim evapoEvapor Uses Concentration of yeasts, man...

Drying  The term Drying means removal of moisture from a substance by vaporization with heat and it's most energy consumption unit Operation in chemical industry.   Three basic methods of drying used in industries to dry the wet soilds used as per nature of chemical substance. The equipment used for drying is called dryer. a) sun Drying b) Hot air Drying c) Freeze drying   Drying is commonly the last stage operation in a manfucture process.   Importance of Drying   1. To reduce cost of transportation.   2. To make material more suitable for handling.   3. To provide definite prosperity i.e free flowing nature.  4. To remove moisture which may lead to corresion. Drying process Drying/Dehydration  It is process of Thermal removal of water at ambient air condition. Dryers  It is device that removes moisture by heating the mass to a level where it becomes safe to store. Batch Dryer  It is used for soilds throughput below 50 Kg/hr an...

Absorption    Absorption is also called as gas absorption, gas scrubbing or gas washing.   In absorption there is transfer of one or more species from gas phase to liquid solvant.   Absorption involved no change in chemical species present in the system   Absorption is used to 1. To separate gas mixtures.  2. To remove impurities.  3. To remove or recover valuable chemicals.    The operation of removing the absorbed solute from the solvent is called stripping. Gas absorption is usually carried out in vertical counter coloum. The solvent is feed from of coloum where as gas is feed from bottom of colum. The absorbed substance is washed out by the solvent and leaves the absorber at bottom as liquid solution.

Extraction   Extraction is process in which one or more components mixture is separated from liquids or soilds mixture by means of solvent. Consider Feed: Phase 1 Solvant: Phase 2    The two phase results to from extraction step one enriched Extract phase and another depleted Raffinate phase is to be separated afterwards another separation process known as Distillation is carried out. Diagram shows four steams in Extraction process Feed: mixture (A+B) Component B is to separated from mixture A+B By adding third component C as solvant i.e  extraction is in between AB+ C  After process of extraction separation two phases are generated  a) Raffinate phase which contains mixture A+B b) Extract phase which contains mixture C+B  Afterwards two phase (Extract and Raffinate)  are again separated by means of Distillation To carry out Extraction following conditions are needed 1. One/ more component in mixture are not thermally stable. 2. The component in m...

Distillation   Distillation is process of sepratisep two liquid mixture/Components by means of Thermal energy based on different boiling points.   Distillation is used for purification of alcohol, desalination, crude oil refining and separating, making liquified gases from air. Types of Distillation 1. Simple Distillation 2.Fractional Distillation Simple Distillation   In simple Distillation liquid mixture is boiled and vapour process through the apparatus until they reach the condenser, they are cooled and liquified based on difference in boiling point. Two things to be notified a) Tip of thermometer must be dip slightly below centre of condenser. b) water supply should be connected to lower part of condenser. Fractional Distillation   Fractional Distillation is separation of mixture into its components/ fractions. Components are separated by heating them at different temperature at which one or more fractions will mixture and vapourise.

Hello Indrouction   Chemical Engineering is combination of unit Operations and unit process. Unit Process     Unit process requires many and any unit Operation to obtain finished product.     Unit process is chemical reaction/conversation at certain temperature, pressure,extent of chemical conversation and yeild of product. Reaction may be endothermic or exothermic and type of catalyst used. Example 1) Alkylation 2) Acylation 3) Amination 4) Calcination 5) Carbonation 6) Chlorination 7)Condenstion 8)Biomethanation 9)Carcking 10) Dehydration 11)Decomposition 12) Fermentation 13) Halogenation 14) Hydrolysis 15) Isomerstion 16) Neutralisation 17) Nitration 18) Oxidation 19) Pyrolysis 20) Polymerization 21) Sulphonation

Hello, Indrouction      Chemical Engineering is branch of Combination of Unit Operations and unit process. Unit Operations       It is industrial Operation in which Raw materials is changed/Converted into finished product by doing physical changes for chemical reactions. Eg.  1) Heat Transfer 2) Evaporation 3) Humidification 4) Dehumidifation 5) Absorption 6) Deadsorption 7) Extraction 8) Adsorption 9) Drying 10) Distillation 11) Mixing 12) Filtration 13) Screening 14) Crystallization 15) centrifugation 16) Material handling 17) Fluid Operations