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Water Pollution and Control: Trickling Filter

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 Trickling Filter A trickling filter is a bioreactor system that removes organic matter from wastewater. It is a secondary treatment process that uses microorganisms to break down organic compounds in liquid waste.  How it works ·          Wastewater is distributed over a bed of packed media, such as gravel, rock, or plastic  ·          Microorganisms attach to the media and form a biofilm  ·          The microorganisms metabolize the organic matter in the wastewater  ·          The biofilm grows thicker as the organic matter is converted into new cellular material  A trickling filter is a wastewater treatment system that uses a bed of material to remove organic matter from wastewater. The filter bed is made of a material with a large surface area, such as gravel, rock...
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Water Pollution and Control: Activated Sludge Treatment

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  Secondary Methods: Activated Sludge Treatment The activated sludge process (ASP) is a wastewater treatment method that uses aeration tanks to mix oxygen with sewage to break down organic contaminants. The process involves several steps, including aeration, settling, and sludge treatment.  Steps  1. Aeration Air or oxygen is blown into the sewage to break down solids and encourage microbial growth Diffusers or mechanical aerators provide oxygen to the aeration tanks   2. Settling The wastewater-microorganism mixture flows into settling tanks, also known as clarifiers The activated sludge particles settle at the bottom, leaving clarified water at the top   3. Sludge treatment A portion of the settled sludge is recycled back into the aeration tank The excess sludge is removed and treated before disposal Considerations   Wastewater characteristics :  The quality and quantity of wastewater being treated...
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water Pollution and Control: Forth Flotation

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 Forth Floatation: Froth flotation is a water treatment process that uses air bubbles to separate valuable materials from unwanted materials.    Construction ·          A flotation cell, tank, or column is used to perform the process.  ·          The cell may contain components like rotors, dispersers, and draft tubes.    Working 1.       Finely ground ore particles are suspended in water.  2.       A reagent is added to the water to make the desired mineral particles hydrophobic.  3.       Air is blown into the mixture to create air bubbles.  4.       The hydrophobic mineral particles stick to the air bubbles and rise to the surface.  5.       The unwanted materials, called gangue, sink to the bottom of the tank....
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Valves

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What is valve?            A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passage ways. Valves function?        a. Stopping and starting fluid flow.      b. Varying the amount of fluid flow.      c. Controlling the direction of fluid flow.      d. Regulating downstream system or process            e. pressure  Relieving component or piping over pressure. Types of valves? •       Globe valve •       Gate valve •       Ball valve •       Needle valve •       Butterfly valve •       Diaphragm valve •       Check valve •       Safety val...
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